Despite disruptions to testing and risk behaviour during COVID-19, the latest data release from UNSW Sydney’s Kirby Institute shows Australia is tracking well towards the elimination of HIV transmission.
HIV diagnoses in Australia have halved over the last decade, and have remained stable over the past year, with 555 diagnoses in 2022, according to new data by the Kirby Institute at UNSW Sydney, released just ahead of the 12th IAS Conference on HIV Science, hosted by the International AIDS Society being held in Brisbane, and virtually.
“The 2022 data show that Australia is tracking well towards the elimination of HIV transmission,” says Dr Skye McGregor, head of the Surveillance Innovation Research Group at the Kirby Institute.
“We can see the impact of prevention strategies like increasing HIV testing, treatment as prevention, and pre-exposure prophylaxis particularly among gay and bisexual men, for whom new diagnoses have been dropping significantly since 2014.”
According to the data, the majority (57 per cent) of new HIV cases continue to be diagnosed among gay and bisexual men. However, diagnoses among this group have halved over the past ten years. Diagnoses in heterosexuals accounted for 30 per cent of all diagnoses in 2022.
“These data suggest that to eliminate HIV, there needs to be increasing focus on prevention strategies that encompass all populations, including heterosexual men and women, particularly as we all begin to travel more following the relaxing of COVID-19 control measures. This includes safe sex travel campaigns and regular sexual health checks ups which include HIV testing,” says Dr McGregor.
From 2021-2022 there were some small increases in the number of diagnoses among heterosexual people, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, and in some states and territories, but the researchers say we need to be cautious in the interpretation of these increases.
“Australia really is in an incredible position in our response to HIV. We’ve had a few years now of HIV diagnoses below 1000, and when the numbers are this low, we will likely see small year on year fluctuations, particularly in sub-groups,” says Dr McGregor.
“Another really important factor impacting these figures is testing. We know that HIV testing decreased during the COVID pandemic, so it is very possible that our HIV numbers during COVID-19 were related to fewer tests, and that the increase over the past year reflects a return to face-to-face health care and regular testing.”
In 2022, 44 per cent of HIV diagnoses were classified as late, which means the person diagnosed may have been living with HIV for four or more years without knowing their HIV status and may be experiencing HIV-related illness.
“The number of late diagnoses is concerning and should serve as a timely reminder that anyone who is sexually active should have regular sexual health checkups, including a test for HIV,” says Dr McGregor.
“In order to continue our world-leading response to HIV, we need to increase access to testing, treatment and prevention equitably, across all areas of need,” she says.
Australian Minister for Health and Aged Care, the Hon Mark Butler MP says the data shows our targets for the elimination of HIV transmission are achievable, but we cannot afford to be complacent.
“I welcome the release of this data and thank the Kirby Institute for its ongoing contribution to the fight against HIV.
“The Australian Government will continue to work closely with community organisations, health departments and research centres like the Kirby Institute, to maintain Australia’s position as a world leader in HIV elimination,” he says.
Australia's world-leading HIV reductions in gay and bisexual men continue
Australia has achieved a remarkable 57 per cent reduction in new HIV diagnoses among gay and bisexual men since 2013, showcasing the success of comprehensive approaches to HIV prevention within this population.
“The reductions in HIV diagnoses over the past decade came after years of increases among this group,” says Professor Andrew Grulich, who leads the HIV Epidemiology and Prevention Program at the Kirby Institute.
“They showed the success of community-led health promotion strategies, and of scientific discoveries like treatment as prevention. Treatment as prevention, or U = U, is the finding that a HIV positive partner on effective HIV treatment cannot transmit the virus to a negative partner. From 2016, with the rollout of PrEP – a pre-exposure prophylaxis medication that prevents HIV infection, we saw HIV diagnoses decline even more rapidly.”
The reductions among this group have continued in 2022, even in the context of lower diagnoses in 2020 and 2021 that may have been related to reduced testing during COVID-19 social restrictions.
“These ongoing reductions are a result of the partnership response to HIV in Australia, which involves continual ongoing coordination of important contributions of communities, clinicians, government, and researchers. Australia brings these contributions together better than anywhere else in the world, and the numbers today are evidence of our collective success,” says Prof Grulich.
HIV diagnoses among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
HIV diagnoses among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have increased over the past year, with 25 diagnoses in 2022. Robert Monaghan, Manager of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health research at the Kirby Institute says although numbers are low compared to the general population, any increase among this population is concerning
“We know that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people face additional barriers to accessing prevention and care. People in rural and remote communities were also more likely to have their regular health activities impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Co-designed campaigns rolled out in partnership with local community organisations are needed, focused on testing, treatment, and PrEP,” he says.
This release has been prepared to provide timely HIV data, particularly in the context of IAS 2023, the global conference on HIV science in Brisbane. A full report, with more detailed analyses, will be released in the coming months.
Stakeholder quotes
“The drastic reduction in HIV diagnoses in Australia over the decade is testament to the work of tireless advocacy for accessible and equitable healthcare for people at risk of HIV.
We will continue to pursue prevention, early diagnosis, and equitable access to care for gay and bisexual men and other communities affected by HIV, particularly for communities where progress is uneven, such as culturally and linguistically diverse communities and people who have arrived in Australia from settings where the prevalence of HIV is high.
Healthcare access is a human right and we will continue to advocate for a more equitable system to continue bringing down HIV diagnoses in Australia.”
Health Equity Matters CEO Darryl O’Donnell
“NAPWHA is heartened to see the reduction in diagnoses among gay and bisexual men, and the trend towards fewer notifications overall. Much of this success is due to people with HIV embracing the protective benefits of U=U and knowing they can’t pass it on.
Our remit is to support those with HIV, and we have long focused on significant subpopulations within our community where late diagnosis is most prevalent and poorer health outcomes are more likely.
Many face multifaceted challenges, particularly around access to appropriate healthcare and support.
We are dedicated to working alongside these communities to give voice to all people with HIV and ensure they can all achieve their best quality of life.”
NAPWHA President Scott Harlem
Media contact
Lucienne Bamford, Communications Manager
+61 432 894 029, lbamford@kirby.unsw.edu.au